TRAVEL SALBURG
(DAY TOUR OF EIS RIE SEN WELT (WORLD"S BIGGEST ICE CAVE-SALT MINES AT HALL STATT)
(DAY TOUR OF EIS RIE SEN WELT (WORLD"S BIGGEST ICE CAVE-SALT MINES AT HALL STATT)
GENERAL INFORMATION--It is the fourth largest city in Austria (after Vienna, Graz and Linz). The name Salzburg literally means "Salt Fortress", and derives its name from the barges carrying salt on the Salzach River, which were subject to a toll in the 8th century. Salzburg’s “OLD TOWN” is a renowned for its Baroque Architecture and best preserved city centres in Europe .The city have an attractive scenic Alpine backdrop. It is the birth place of 18th century composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Famous movie “The Sound of Music” was filmed in this city. Christian Doppler, an expert on acoustic theory, was born in Salzburg. He is known for his discovery of the Doppler Effect.
HISTORY-Salzburg has been the capital of an independent state from the early 14th century until 1805. It was ruled by prince-archbishops, who became rich by the salt mines located in the south of the city. This led to the architectural gem which is seen today, the architects were imported from Italy and other European countries. This is how Salzburg got the nickname the Rome of the north.
GEOGRAPHY-Salzburg is situated on the banks of river Salzach and on the southern side is Alps .The closest Alpine peak is only 16 km from city centre
CO-ORDINATES- 470 48' 0"N 130 02' 0"E
AREA-65.67Km2
POPULATION-1, 48,000
TIME ZONE-UTC +1 Summer UTC +2
CLIMATE-The temperature of the city is as follows-
CLIMATE-The temperature of the city is as follows-
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MAX 3 6 10 14 20 22 24 24 20 15 8 4
MIN -4 -3 1 4 8 11 13 13 10 5 1 -2
MAX 3 6 10 14 20 22 24 24 20 15 8 4
MIN -4 -3 1 4 8 11 13 13 10 5 1 -2
SOUND OF MUSIC-In 1960, the movie “The Sound of Music” was filmed at some locations of in the city and around Salzburg .The movie was based on the true story of Maria von Trapp, who took up with an aristocratic family and fled the German Anschluss.
WOLFANG AMADEUS MOZART-He was born on 27 January 1756 and died on 5December 1791, was a prodigious ability from his earliest childhood for music .He was competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European Royalty. He composed over 600 works. He was a popular composer of classical music. Beethoven composed his own early works in the shadow of Mozart.
SALZBURG SIGHTS & ATTRACTIONS-
001-MIRABELL PALACE & GARDENS-The Palace complex was built about in 1606AD outside the medieval walls of Salzburg by the Prince-Archbishop Wolf Dietrich Raitenau as a residence for his mistress Salome Alt .The palace was built as token of love for his mistress Atl .The palace fulfilled its purpose- fifteen children were born of their union, ten of whom survived. After Wolf Dietrich's death, the palace was renamed "Mirabell" by his successor, Markus Sitticus von Hohenems. The famous Mirabell Gardens were redesigned and completely remodelled around 1730. Several scenes from The Sound of Music were recorded here. Maria and the children sing 'Do-Re-Mi' while dancing around the horse fountain and using the steps as a musical scale. The main parts of the palace & garden are-
I-THE PALACE -The Palace details such as the edging of the windows, the capitals and stuccowork bear witness to the palace's former splendour is one of the most precious works of art at Mirabell Palace. Charming putti decorate the marble balustrade, the sculptures in the niches are the work among the finest products of the European baroque. The Marble Hall, formerly the prince-archbishops' ballroom and concert venue for Leopold Mozart and his children Wolfgang and Nannerl, is considered to be one of the "most beautiful wedding halls in the world." Meetings, awards ceremonies and romantic concerts (Salzburg Palace Concerts) are held here regularly. The other rooms houses the municipal council and therefore not open to the public. Today Mirabell Palace houses the offices of Salzburg's mayor and the municipal council. The Hollywood film Sound of Music was filmed here.
II-THE PEGASUS FOUNTAIN - The Pegasus Fountain was installed in 1913. The four groups of statues around the fountain symbolize the 4 elements: fire, air, earth and water.
III- THE MIRABELL GARDENS - The Mirabell Gardens were opened to the public in 1854. Today they are a horticultural masterpiece and popular backdrop for photographer’s .It was finally remodelled in 1730.
IV- THE HEDGE THEATRE- The Hedge Theatre was created between 1704 and 1718 and is located in the main part of the Mirabell Gardens and is one of the oldest hedge theatres north of the Alps.
V- THE DWARF GARDEN - The Dwarf Garden features a number of misshapen creatures made of white Untersberg marble and dates back to the time of Archbishop Franz Anton Harrach.
I-THE PALACE -The Palace details such as the edging of the windows, the capitals and stuccowork bear witness to the palace's former splendour is one of the most precious works of art at Mirabell Palace. Charming putti decorate the marble balustrade, the sculptures in the niches are the work among the finest products of the European baroque. The Marble Hall, formerly the prince-archbishops' ballroom and concert venue for Leopold Mozart and his children Wolfgang and Nannerl, is considered to be one of the "most beautiful wedding halls in the world." Meetings, awards ceremonies and romantic concerts (Salzburg Palace Concerts) are held here regularly. The other rooms houses the municipal council and therefore not open to the public. Today Mirabell Palace houses the offices of Salzburg's mayor and the municipal council. The Hollywood film Sound of Music was filmed here.
II-THE PEGASUS FOUNTAIN - The Pegasus Fountain was installed in 1913. The four groups of statues around the fountain symbolize the 4 elements: fire, air, earth and water.
III- THE MIRABELL GARDENS - The Mirabell Gardens were opened to the public in 1854. Today they are a horticultural masterpiece and popular backdrop for photographer’s .It was finally remodelled in 1730.
IV- THE HEDGE THEATRE- The Hedge Theatre was created between 1704 and 1718 and is located in the main part of the Mirabell Gardens and is one of the oldest hedge theatres north of the Alps.
V- THE DWARF GARDEN - The Dwarf Garden features a number of misshapen creatures made of white Untersberg marble and dates back to the time of Archbishop Franz Anton Harrach.
002 - SALZBURG CATHEDERAL (CITY CATHEDRAL)-Salzburg Cathedral is located adjacent to Residenzplatz and Domplatz in the Altstadt (Old Town) area of the city. The Domplatz is accessed by three open arcade arches in the north, south and west. These "cathedral arches" unite the cathedral with the Salzburg Residenz and St. Peter's Abbey to form a unique self-contained square. The old city is centre of the festivals of Salzburg, every year Salzburg Cathedral serves as an impressive backdrop for the famous play “Jedermann”. Cathedral is one of the most dominant points in the skyline of the city of Mozart. The cathedral with its magnificent façade and mighty dome is the most important early baroque building north of the Alps and the biggest religious building in the city. The first cathedral was built on this site in 767AD and rebuilt in 1181AD after a fire. It was again completely rebuilt in Baroque style in 1628AD. The finished church is 466 feet long and 109 feet high at the dome. It is the city’s most significant church with its magnificent façade and mighty dome it represents. It witnesses the power of Salzburg archbishops. Four statues are located in front of the main façade, the apostles Peter and Paul with keys and sword as well as the two patron saints Rupert and Virgil with a salt box and a model of the church. Inside the most important religious building in Salzburg there are seats for 900 people and it is open for visitors every day. Numerous treasures can be seen inside Salzburg Cathedral, the baptismal font in which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was baptized, the gorgeous main organ, surrounded by angels playing instruments and crowned by Rupert and Virgil .Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed numerous undying works of sacred music and performed them in Salzburg Cathedral. The excellent acoustics inspire attendees at the palace concerts in Salzburg even today.
003 - HOHENSALZBURG FORTRESS (FESTUNG)-It is a castle atop the Festungsberg Mountain. Today, the fortress is a popular destination and a focal point for visitors of Salzburg. Its length is 820ft and width is 490ft. Hohensalzburg Fortress, built in 1077AD by Archbishop Gebhard, enlarged by Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach (1495AD-1519AD), largest, fully-preserved fortress in central Europe of medieval period. The medieval princes' apartments and the Fortress Museum are of particular interest. Since 1892AD the fortress can easily be reached by funicular railway departing from the Festungsgasse to Hasengrabenbastei. The fortress' interior was richly decorated,intricate Gothic wood-carvings and ornamental paintings decorate the Golden Hall and the Golden Chamber. 58 insignia and coats of arms with the beet root are commemorative of Leonhard von Keutschach. The fortress' symbol, the lion, holds the beet root in its paws. During its long history the Hohensalzburg Fortress has always remained unconquered by enemy troops. Golden Hall is the magnificent state apartments installed on the third floor. The rooms in which the archbishops would normally have lived were one floor below. The state apartments were primarily used for representative purposes and for festivities. The Golden Hall was richly decorated and indicates that the fortress served the archbishops not only as a refuge in times of crisis, but frequently also as a residence up to the 16th century. The Golden Chamber is the most magnificently furnished room of the princely chambers. The bedchamber is the most intimate room of the princely chambers. The original furniture and precious textiles, such as tapestry, were in the course of time replaced by more "modern" ones. The door conceals a toilet, which is basically a hole in the floor with a wooden frame. Back in the past this was a highly modern sanitary facility and was accessible from each floor. The Krautturm (powder tower) houses a large aerophon of more than 200 pipes which is called the "Salzburg Bull". This huge mechanical organ was built in 1502 by Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach. It was renewed by Rochus Egedacher in 1735. From Palm Sunday to 31 October the "Salzburg Bull" is played daily at 7, 11 and 18 o’clock.
004 - HELLBRUNN PALACE AND TRICK FOUNTAINS - It is a summer residence in the south of the city near Morzg. It was built in country side in 1612 by Salzburg's Prince Archbishop Markus Sittikus von Hohenems. He was the lover of Italian art and culture, so he built it very elegant and spacious at the foot hills of well watered Hellbrunn Mountain . The numerous sources in Hellbrunn Mountain from where water was taken. The streams was hidden in the shade of bushes and trees or jetting out from unexpected hiding places,the world-famous Wasserspiele have been the main attraction at Hellbrunn for almost 400 years. Notable features include stone seats around a stone dining table through which a water conduit sprays water into the seat of the guests when the mechanism is activated and hidden fountains that surprise and spray guests while they take part on the tour. Other features are a mechanical, water-operated and music-playing theatre built in 1750 showing various professions at work, a grotto and a crown being pushed up and down by a jet of water, symbolizing the rise and fall of power. Hellbrunn stands in a large park with a neighbouring zoo, a stone theatre and a small building known as the Monatschlossl, or the "little month-palace", as it was built during the period of one month after a visitor commented to Sittikus that a building on the hill would improve the view from one of the schloss' windows. The archbishop took heed of his advice and when the visitor returned a month later the Monatschlossl was built. The mythical and historical statues date back to the beginning of the 17th century. A statue of Empress Elisabeth, which had formerly stood in front of the old "Hotel Europe" at the Empress Elisabeth Railway Station (today's central railway station) was placed in the so-called English Park. Markus Sittikus had the natural stone quarry in Hellbrunn transformed into a stage, creating the "Steintheater" (Stone Theater), the oldest open-air stage in Europe.
005 - MOZART’S RESIDENCE-The Mozart family lived in Mozart's Residence, 8 Makartplatz, from 1773 to 1787. Most of the building was destroyed by a bomb in 1944, with only the portal entrance and the "Dancing Master's Hall" surviving unscathed .The building was restored to its original appearance by the Mozarteum Foundation. The reconstructed building was officially opened on 26 January 1996.
006 - MOZART’S BIRTH PLACE- A museum at Getreidegasse 9. The International Mozarteum Foundation first installed a museum in Mozart's Birthplace on June 15, 1880. The celebrated composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was born here on January 27, 1756. The Mozart family was living on the third floor of the "Hagenauer House" at Getreidegasse 9 for twenty-six years, from 1747 to 1773. The International Mozarteum Foundation first installed a museum in Mozart's Birthplace on June 15, 1880. It was systematically remodelled and enlarged over the decades and has become a cultural venue that draws thousands of visitors from around the world to Salzburg each year. Visitors visit the original Mozart rooms at Mozart's Birthplace containing historic instruments, documents, memorabilia and most of the portraits painted during his lifetime, including the unfinished oil painting "Mozart at the Piano" painted by Mozart's brother-in-law, Joseph Lange, in 1789. The famous exhibits include Mozart's child violin, his concert violin, his clavichord, the harpsichord, portraits and letters from the Mozart family. The music instruments on display in Mozart's Birthplace were passed on to the International Mozarteum Foundation by Mozart's widow. The International Mozarteum Foundation has presented a special Mozart exhibition on the first floor of Mozart's Birthplace since 1981 with exhibits changing once a year. The three exhibitions, "A Day in the Life of a Child Prodigy," "Mozart at the Theatre" and "The Mozarts - a Family Introduces Itself" The exhibitions focus on original Mozart instruments and authentic portraits. Salzburg furniture and objects of everyday use during Mozart's time are also on display. The second floor of Mozart's Birthplace is devoted to the topic "Mozart at the Theater." Numerous dioramas (miniature stages) illustrate the reception history of Mozart's operas. Stage models from the late 18th to the 20th century present the many-faceted interpretations.
007- FILM LOCATIONS - SOUND OF MUSIC- i-Leopoldskron Lake - The children and Maria were filmed boating on this lake. In their excitement to see the Captain, they all stood up in the boat, capsizing it and everyone ending up in the water. Gretel, who was only six years old at the time, narrowly escaped, as she was not yet able to swim. This really is a beautiful place with the lake, the magnificent building, with stunning scenery of the majestic Untersburg Mountain as a backdrop.
ii-Schloss Leopoldskron (Leopoldskron Palace) - The Palace was never used in the movie for the back of the von Trapp villa. The famous scenes of the family drinking pink lemonade and the argument between the Captain and Maria were filmed, the adjacent property, Bertelsmann. The ballroom was filmed in a studio, but was copied from a room in the actual Leopoldskron Palace. Schloss Leopoldskron is situated in a unique Leopoldskroner Weiher lake with magnificent view of the majestic mountains, the palace is only a short walk from the old town of Salzburg. The palace was built in 1736 by the Prince Archbishop of Salzburg, Leopold Anton Freiherr von Firmian, for his family residence in this beautiful and unique location. He died shortly after its completion in 1744. In 1965 the palace became world-famous when movie “The Sound of Music” was filmed. Today the palace is an inherent part of all guided tours in Salzburg although tourists can only gaze at it from the opposite side of the lake. Since the palace is private property, it is not open to the public.
iii-Mondsee Cathedral - Located about 24 km (15 miles) east of Salzburg on the E55/E60, in the small town of Mondsee, at the northern end of Lake Mondsee. This beautiful cathedral was where the Sound of Music wedding between the Captain and Maria was filmed.
iv-Mozart Bridge (Mozartsteg) - The bridge crosses the River Salzach from Rudolfskai (close to Mozart Square and Residence Square) to Imbergstrasse on the north side. Mozart Bridge is a footbridge, along which Maria and the children run on their way to a picnic, merrily singing 'Do-re-mi'. v-Residence Square (Residenz Platz) - In front of Salzburg Cathedral. The building to the west of the square is the Archbishop's Residence, where the Nazi flag was draped. The Nazi soldiers are shown in the movie marching through the square and Maria crossed the square on the way to the fountain, singing 'I have Confidence'.
vi - Residence Fountain - In Residence Square in front of the cathedral. The fountain can be found in the middle of Residence Square. This is where Maria stops and splashes the water in the fountain, whilst singing “I have confidence.” She is making her way to the Captain von Trapp’s villa for the first time. It is
sometimes known as the Horse Fountain. vii- Horse Pond (Pferdschwemme) - The royal horse trough is adorned with many paintings and can be found at Karajan Square, off Hofstallgasse, opposite the Festival Hall. It is located directly beside the Siegmundstor (or Neutor) , the main tunnel through the Mönchsberg , which is the mountain right in the centre of the city .This is where Maria and the children dance and sing to ’My Favourite Things'. It is also where Liesl introduces Rolf to Maria. viii - Mirabell Palace and Gardens - Located on Schwarzstrasse, Mirabell Palace has been called the Taj Mahal of Salzburg. Maria and the children dance around the Pegasus fountain which can be found in the Mirabell Gardens, singing ’Do-Re-Mi.’ At the far end of the gardens are the statutes that the children mimicked. Leading out of the gardens are the ‘Do-Re-Mi’ steps, where Maria and the children are filmed jumping up and down the steps, using them as a musical scale to the song.
ii-Schloss Leopoldskron (Leopoldskron Palace) - The Palace was never used in the movie for the back of the von Trapp villa. The famous scenes of the family drinking pink lemonade and the argument between the Captain and Maria were filmed, the adjacent property, Bertelsmann. The ballroom was filmed in a studio, but was copied from a room in the actual Leopoldskron Palace. Schloss Leopoldskron is situated in a unique Leopoldskroner Weiher lake with magnificent view of the majestic mountains, the palace is only a short walk from the old town of Salzburg. The palace was built in 1736 by the Prince Archbishop of Salzburg, Leopold Anton Freiherr von Firmian, for his family residence in this beautiful and unique location. He died shortly after its completion in 1744. In 1965 the palace became world-famous when movie “The Sound of Music” was filmed. Today the palace is an inherent part of all guided tours in Salzburg although tourists can only gaze at it from the opposite side of the lake. Since the palace is private property, it is not open to the public.
iii-Mondsee Cathedral - Located about 24 km (15 miles) east of Salzburg on the E55/E60, in the small town of Mondsee, at the northern end of Lake Mondsee. This beautiful cathedral was where the Sound of Music wedding between the Captain and Maria was filmed.
iv-Mozart Bridge (Mozartsteg) - The bridge crosses the River Salzach from Rudolfskai (close to Mozart Square and Residence Square) to Imbergstrasse on the north side. Mozart Bridge is a footbridge, along which Maria and the children run on their way to a picnic, merrily singing 'Do-re-mi'. v-Residence Square (Residenz Platz) - In front of Salzburg Cathedral. The building to the west of the square is the Archbishop's Residence, where the Nazi flag was draped. The Nazi soldiers are shown in the movie marching through the square and Maria crossed the square on the way to the fountain, singing 'I have Confidence'.
vi - Residence Fountain - In Residence Square in front of the cathedral. The fountain can be found in the middle of Residence Square. This is where Maria stops and splashes the water in the fountain, whilst singing “I have confidence.” She is making her way to the Captain von Trapp’s villa for the first time. It is
sometimes known as the Horse Fountain. vii- Horse Pond (Pferdschwemme) - The royal horse trough is adorned with many paintings and can be found at Karajan Square, off Hofstallgasse, opposite the Festival Hall. It is located directly beside the Siegmundstor (or Neutor) , the main tunnel through the Mönchsberg , which is the mountain right in the centre of the city .This is where Maria and the children dance and sing to ’My Favourite Things'. It is also where Liesl introduces Rolf to Maria. viii - Mirabell Palace and Gardens - Located on Schwarzstrasse, Mirabell Palace has been called the Taj Mahal of Salzburg. Maria and the children dance around the Pegasus fountain which can be found in the Mirabell Gardens, singing ’Do-Re-Mi.’ At the far end of the gardens are the statutes that the children mimicked. Leading out of the gardens are the ‘Do-Re-Mi’ steps, where Maria and the children are filmed jumping up and down the steps, using them as a musical scale to the song.
008 - SALZBURG RESIDENZ- Salzburg's Residenz, situated in the Old town of Salzburg. It lies in the historic centre of Salzburg between Domplatz, Residenzplatz and Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse, is an extensive complex of buildings, containing some 180 rooms and three spacious courtyards. Here the prince archbishops of Salzburg held court and controlled the destiny of their country up to the 19th century. The medieval bishops' residence was given today's magnificent early Baroque appearance at the end of the 16th century. Open to the public- the State Rooms of the Residenz - formerly used by Salzburg's prince archbishops as reception rooms and living quarters - as well as the Residenz Gallery with its fabulous collection of paintings by European artists of the 16th - 19th centuries. The building referred to as the New Building of the Residenz is located across from the Residenz. In recent decades it has seen crowned heads, political leaders and prominent figureheads. In 1867 Emperor Franz Josef I and his wife Elisabeth welcomed the French Emperor Napoleon III and his wife Eugénie for an official visit over a period of several days. Today the Residenz is the venue for official receptions, meetings and international conventions. The Residenz is entered from Residenz Square through a large marble portal bearing the coat of arms .Young Mozart also played regularly at the Salzburg Residenz .The Audience Hall,is the most magnificent hall of the Residenz and the most dominating of the state rooms, symbolizing the power and the magnitude of the administration. Also noteworthy rooms are the Study, Writing Room and Privy Room, the Bedroom, the Gallery, the Throne Room, the White Hall or Markus Sittikus Hall, the Green Room and the Emperor's Hall.
009 – GETREIDEGASSE (SALZBURG BUSIEST ALLEY)- The Getreidegasse is Salzburg's most famous shopping lane ,it is not only generated by the high and narrow houses tightly nestled together with the enticing shops and the wrought iron guild signs, but also to the romantic passageways and courtyards. The elegant and intricate guild signs of the restaurants, shops and workshops project above the visitors' heads. Many of these elaborate "advertising signs" are the product of skilful craftsmanship .Typical of these houses are the windows which become smaller from the first floor upwards and their beautiful portals, such as the portal of No. 9, Mozart's Birthplace. The Mozart Museum is located in the rooms formerly occupied by the Mozart Family. Although the houses in the Getreidegasse appear to be very narrow but they are not so small, they extending far back in depth on both sides of the street. In former times the space behind the row of houses was mainly used as a garden. These interconnected buildings have given Salzburg a certain architectural flair. Each courtyard is a work of art in itself. The Schatz Haus passageway leading from Getreidegasse 3 to University Square is probably the most frequented passageway. An impressive relief portraying the Madonna with Child is located in a dark niche. A plaque also commemorates the stay of the German socialist leader, August Bebel. The courtyards are decorated with arcades, this is a must visiting area. Today most people are attracted to the Getreidegasse because of its multitude of shops selling jewellery, traditional costumes, the latest fashions, antiques, leather and paper goods, perfumes.
010 - ALTER MARKET- The “Alter Markt," the Old Marketplace in Salzburg's historic city centre, was laid out as an urban trading centre and marketplace in the 13th century. The dairy market, herb market, turnip / cabbage market and the stove fitters' market were once linked to the central market. The weekly market moved to present-day University Square in 1857. It spread to University Square and Residence Square after 1813 and was used for an autumn market .The market fountain is located in the centre of the Old Marketplace. Its octagonal basin was built from 1685 to 1687 and is surrounded by two marble steps. The statue of St. Florian von Lorch at the top of the fountain column .Today the Old Marketplace boasts an impressive row of burghers' houses whose core often dates back to the Middle Ages, although overlaid by early modern architecture. The smallest house in Salzburg's historic city centre is a rare curiosity. With a width of only 1.42 meters, it is located next to the famous Tomaselli coffeehouse. The tiny house was built to close a narrow alley between 1830 and 1860. The traditional coffeehouse, Café Tomaselli, and Café-Konditorei Fürst, whose founder invented the Mozart-Kugel chocolates, are located across from the Old Residence.
011 - RESIDENCE SQUARE-Residence Square is an especially magnificent forecourt in the heart of Salzburg's Old City. This square is among the Five Squares which were built under Prince-Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau: Residence Square is one of them and with its richly decorated baroque fountain is probably the largest and most beautiful square. Fifty-five medieval buildings were torn down to make room for the square. It is bordered by the New Residence with its carillon, the Cathedral, the Old Residence and a continuous row of townhouses, housing shops, a bakery and a café. Residence Fountain is considered to be the most beautiful fountain in the city of Salzburg and certainly deserves a closer look: - four snorting horses seem to spring forth from the spouting rock. Giants rooted in the rock carry the lower basin, in which three dolphins balance the scalloped upper basin. The upper basin holds a Triton, a jet of water shooting into the air from his conch-shell trumpet. Residence Square is a popular venue for big sports or music events, including public airings of football games, live concerts and New Year's Eve parties. Residence Square serves as the setting for St. Rupert's Fair in September and a Christmas market during the Advent season.
012 – KAPITEL PLATZ (CHAPTER SQUARE)-This Square is situated in the old city. It is a spacious square bordered on the south by the Cathedral, by the Cathedral provostry and archiepiscopal palace in the east, the novice's wing of St. Peter's Monastery in the west and the Cathedral Chapter's mills. Anyone walking to the Hohensalzburg Fortress and to the funicular will cross Kapitelplatz (Chapter Square). Chapter Square was once the site of the Cathedral Abbey, the high clergy resided on Chapter Square and in the palaces in the adjacent streets until the archbishopric was dissolved in 1803. Chapter Fountain is designed on Roman fountains. The ramp used by the horses to access the water leads straight up to the group of figures- Neptune, god of the sea, holding a trident and crown, mounted on a seahorse spurting water.
013 - DOMPLATZ & MARIENSTATUE/ CATHEDRAL SQUARE- The Cathedral Square built in Salzburg's Old City, it is distinguished by its architectural unity and exceptional beauty. Cathedral Square is bordered by the Cathedral, the archiepiscopal Residence and the convent tract of St. Peter's Monastery. The "cathedral arches" built by Giovanni Antonio Darios connect the square with Residence Square and Chapter Square, a second set of arcades with the Franciscan Church. The statue of the Virgin Mary is the focus of attention on Cathedral Square. The statue of Maria Immaculata is enthroned on a "mountain of clouds" made of Untersberg marble and a globe. It is surrounded by allegoric figures on four sides: Angel, Devil, Truth (Wisdom) and the Church. A plaque on the side of the Cathedral explains their meaning, the mystery of the Immaculate Conception was so great that it caused the angels to be delighted, human wisdom to vanish, the devil to growl in envy and the triumphant church to rejoice. Salzburg's Christmas market is held on the square during the winter.
014-UNIVERSITAT PLATZ AND KOLLEGIENKIRCHE-This rectangular space is bounded on the south side by the Kollegienkirche. Another Baroque masterpiece built between 1696-1707. The University Square is located next to the Domplatz and only one short block in from the Getreidegasse connected by small alleyways and covered walkways. The square is noted for the daily market , many stalls set up selling all varieties of both wholesome food and confections. Prepared sandwiches, salads, and bottled drinks draw a large contingent of tourists. A particularly popular offering was large pretzels variously flavoured and coated, including one covered in dark chocolate. Assorted baked goods were also available. Kollegienkirche is a monumental size surpassed only by the Cathedral, the University Church with its grandiose façade is one of the most magnificent Baroque churches in Austria. Its unparalleled style later influenced late Baroque church architecture in southern Germany. The consecration of the University Church began on November 20, 1707 and lasted for eight days. The chapels inside the church are dedicated to the patron saints of the university's four faculties: St. Thomas Acquinas (Theology), St. Ivo (Jurisprudence), St. Luke (Medicine) and St. Catherine (Philosophy).
015 - MOZART PLATZ-The Square is dominated by the statue of Mozart unveiled on September 5, 1842 in the presence of Mozart's sons. Michaelsplatz (today's Mozart Square) and Mozart's Residence (today's Makart Square) are opposite each other. The Salzburg University's Institute of Music is located at the square.
016 - MUSEUM OF MODERN ART SALZBURG- The Museum der Moderne Salzburg (MdM) consists of two buildings at two spectacular locations. The MDM Rupertinum in the historic city centre, a baroque building for new artistic concepts. The MDM Mönchsberg over the rooftops of the Old City, modern art in a contemporary setting. Since 2004, the MdM Mönchsberg has been located above the rooftops of the Old City on the edge of the steep Mönchsberg cliff, sixty meters above Anton Neumayr Square.
017 - SALZBURG MUSEUM- The magnificent New Residence on Mozart Square has housed the Salzburg Museum since the summer of 2007.The exhibitions on the first floor present the life work and sphere of influence of interesting men and women from Salzburg working in the fields of art, architecture, science, literature, music, photography and handicrafts. The exhibition on the second floor, concentrates on Salzburg's development in history, art and culture since the beginning of modern times. In addition, models of the city, a number of crafted objects and historic data portray Salzburg's development from Roman times to the present.
018 -SCHLOSS KLESSHEIM (CASINO SALZBURG)-Klessheim Palace has a very grand and inspiring appearance, the entrance with the magnificent Triton Fountain, the loggia, entrance hall and staircase perpetuate some of the baroque splendour of the past. A reclining stag, its antlers studded with gold stars, is found on a pedestal at each entrance ramp. Adolf Hitler took over Klessheim in 1938 and used it for political receptions and summit meetings, e.g. with Benito Mussolini and Miklós Horthy. He had the sandstone eagles at the entrance doors redesigned in the style of the Third Reich at this time. Klessheim Palace was also used for military presentations and parades. In 1945 the palace was occupied by the Allied troops for their victory celebrations, afterwards it was used by the American occupation forces. The palace park, surrounded by a high wall, originally consisted of three gardens separated by walls, the Meierhof garden (kitchen garden), the ornamental garden and the pheasant garden (hunting garden). The elegant rooms of Klessheim Palace have been used by Salzburg Casino since 1993.
019 – RESIDENZ / SALZBURG GALLERY- The Residenzgalerie is an art gallery in the Alte Residenz, Salzburg, Austria. Its collection includes works by Rembrandt, Carel Fabritius, Carlo Saraceni and Hieronymus Francken II. The Residence Gallery Salzburg, housing the State of Salzburg's painting collection, presents European paintings from the 16th to 19th century. The collections focus on Dutch paintings from the 17th century, Italian, French and Austrian baroque paintings from the 17th and 18th centuries and Austrian paintings from the 19th century.
020 - SALZBURG MARIONETTE THEATRE- Salzburg Marionette Theatre was established in 1913 and is one of the oldest continuing marionette theatres in the world. It is based in the city of Salzburg, Austria. Original productions featured live actors and musicians. The Salzburg Marionette Theatre performs a large repertoire of operas, ballets and productions for both children and adults, using marionettes.
021 -THE RED BULL ARENA -The Red Bull Arena, known during and before the Euro 2008 Football Championship as the EM Stadium. It is the home ground of Red Bull Salzburg. Its current seating capacity is 31,900.
022 - HANGAR-7 -Hanger-7 in Salzburg is owned by Red Bull founder Dietrich Mateschitz is not a hangar in a traditional sense but rather a multifunctional building with a collection of historical airplanes, helicopters and Formula One racing cars. It houses a restaurant; two bars, a lounge and aircraft and is open to the public.
023-HAGENAUERPLATZ- The Hagenau Square is one of the most famous squares in Salzburg, it usually receives no more than a sidelong glance. The endless stream of visitors comes to see Mozart's Birthplace, which is officially located at Getreidegasse 9 but actually found on Hagenau Square. Hagenau Square marks the end of Getreidegasse and opens towards Salzburg through the Griestor. The "Obere Tränktor" was originally located in the city wall facing the Salzach, affording access to the Salzach ships and watering place for the animals. The building stock of the former "Wirtshaus zum Löchl" at Hagenau Square 2 ,dates back to the 16th century. The hinges for the former doors of the city gate are still preserved to this day. The small shops later established in this area often incorporated the Löchlbogen name, e.g. the Kaslöchl
DAY TOURS FROM SALZBURG-
TOUR-01-TOUR OF EIS RIE SEN WELT (WORLD"S BIGGEST ICE CAVE)-It is the largest ice cave in the world, extending more than 42km and visited by about 2,00,000 tourists every year. It was discovered in 1879. The Eisriesenwelt is a natural limestone ice cave located in Werfen, Austria, about 40 km south of Salzburg. The development took place over a very long period. The first cracks and crevices in the limestone appeared during the elevation of the mountains about 100 million years. By chemical dissolution processes and water erosion over thousands of years to the enlarged underground cracks and large voids were formed. Depending on the outside temperature is in the mountainous interior either a cooler or warmer temperature, which causes a draft from top to bottom or vice versa due to the specific gravity of each other. The result is that in winter, when the air is warmer than outside in the mountain, cold air flows into the mountain and the bottom of the cavity cools to below 0 ° C. During spring melt water seeps through the cracks in the rock and when it reaches the still cold and frozen lower areas of the caves, it freezes and turns slowly into the wonderful ice formations visible inside the caves. The cave is open from May 1st to October 26th every year. Its operating hours are 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Temperatures inside the cave are usually below freezing, it is located at 1656 meters above sea level and warm clothing is recommended. Photography is not permitted once visitors are inside the cave. The tour is allowed only for 1000 meters length with mysterious ice figures and gives many added tales of adventure, to make your experience unforgettable. There is more to this cave than its echo and begins at the entrance to the cave entrance. The entrance with a diameter of about 20 meters, nearly circular portal leads guests into the mountains like a funnel, and continues inwards to Posselt Hall, a large room with a stalagmite called Posselt Tower in the centre. Past the Posselt Tower, one encounters an ashen cross on the wall of the cave, marking the farthest point of exploration of Anton Posselt. From there one can see the Great Ice Embankment, a massive formation that rises to a height of 25 meters and represents the area of greatest ice growth. Next is Hymir's Castle, named after a giant in Norse mythology. Here stalactites create a formation called Frigga's Veil, or the Ice Organ .Next on the tour is the Alexander von Mörk Cathedral, one of the largest rooms in the cave and the final resting place of von Mörk's ashes. The final stop on the tour is the Ice Palace, a kilometer into the cave and 400 meters underground. From here, visitors must turn around and walk back through the caves to reach the entrance. The round-trip tour through the cave takes around one hour and 15 minutes, lighting is provided solely by the guide issued to the visitor’s hand-carbide lamps. The cave guide also provides with magnesium light for an impressive lighting of the ice sculptures. Effect on electrical lighting is deliberately omitted to preserve the natural cave experience. There was a 20-minute walk from the tour van to the entrance; a 20-minute walk from the entrance to the cable car; another 20-minute walk from the cable car to the mouth of the cave. Keep in mind that this is all uphill walking. The climb in the ice caves is 134 meters and there are 700 stairs up and 700 steps down. Therefore each has to decide that he is physically able to complete the climb. It is advised those with serious walking difficulties or heart circulation problems not to visit the caves. Duration from Salzburg is approximately 5.5 hours.
TOUR-02-TOUR OF SALZBURG SALT MINES AT HALL STATT-The World's Oldest Salt Mine is at Hallstatt is located 54kms from Salzburg .The Dachstein-Hallstättersee region has been declared UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage. This honour is certainly closely connected to the salt mining history of Hallstatt that goes back 7,000 years. Hallstatt, along with other salt mines, helped to make the Dachstein-Hallstattersee region of Austria extremely wealthy. In the olden days, the miners lived on the elevated plain that you will reach comfortably with the cable-car in a few minutes. The town is situated by a lake, but the salt mines are about 300 meters up the mountains in a so-called "Hochtal" or "high valley". Many archaeological findings were made here and in the excavation sites in the town itself. About 5,000 bodies were buried in a Neolithic cemetery of Hallstatt. There was a method to move valuable salt brine, 400 years ago by a pipeline made of 13,000 hollowed out trees was created. The wooden pipeline remained in use until quite recently. The Rudolf Tower is located directly below the former defence tower on the Hallstatt Salzberg (Salt Mountain). Named after the first Habsburg Rudolf I, the Rudolfsturm was built between 1282 to 1284 by his son Duke Albert I of Austria as a defence tower to protect the mines and buildings of Hallstatt salt mines. Now it served as the home of the director of the mines. The ‘World Heritage View’ tower is 350 meters above the roofs of Hallstatt and offers a unique panoramic view over Lake Hallstatt and the impressive mountain scenery. Today the Rudolfsturm houses a restaurant / cafe with a panoramic terrace which serves hearty local delicacies as well as a good cup of coffee and traditional pastries or a slice of cake. It is just a 2 minutes’ walk from the top station of the Hallstatt cable car. A two-way ride on the funicular is available from EUR 8.50 per adult. Ride up on the Salt mine funicular, calm and safe taking only 3 minutes to reach the Hallstatt Upper Valley at 838m high. Where the famous prehistoric burial ground can be found. The Salt mine funicular will take you to the start of the Brine Pipeline trail which is the oldest pipeline in the world. The upper valley is a good the starting point for a hike along the world heritage pipeline trail. After the funicular ride take the mine train that takes along the rock faces into the mountain. And by 64 meters of sliding fun on Europe's longest wooden slide is a major attraction at the Salzwelten Hallstatt, reach to the bottom of mine. Here not only take a photograph of visitors during the ride, but also measure their speed by Radar. At the mine there are kilometres long tunnels and chambers. See old pine wood torches and oldest wooden staircase in the world. At the end of the guided tour, you may acquire your personal souvenir photo. And for those who don't want to ride down the chute there's a comfortable staircase nearby. There are two slides at the Salzwelten Hallstatt just like the ones the miners used for moving from one level of galleries to the one beneath. Salzwelten", the "Salt Worlds", an underground hall is 4,200 square meters big, there is an artificial lake and even dwarf miners that collect crystals to the great delight of observing. Highlights of the exhibition are the oldest tool found in the mines, a 5,000 year old device made from antlers and of course the "Mann in Salz", In 1734, three miners got caught in an abandoned tunnel. There they found the body of a fourth man, which they carried out of the mine. Another attraction of Hallstatt is the "Beinhaus"(bone house) due to spatial constraints of the town, corpses were "accommodated" on the local cemetery only for a limited amount of time, after which skull and bones were dug out, painted in decorative colours’ and stored in the Beinhaus. Today, it hosts quite a number of skulls. The mines are only open from April until the start of November. It can be cold in the mines, so it is advised to wear something warm, even if it is a hot summer’s day outside. For Hallstatt one has to go East of Salzburg into the "Salzburg Lake District" to view some of the most beautiful lakes in Austria. Start with lake Fuschl (Fuschlsee) and the town "Fuschl am See". The journey continues to St. Gilgen, another Lake District village with the lake Wolfgang (Wolfgangsee). Driving along the lake one will arrive in Strobl, which offers a great view to St. Wolfgang. From here continue to Bad Ischl and further on to Hallstatt with the lake, the most famous village of the entire lake district. In Hallstatt one can visit the "charnel house" at the cemetery of the Catholic Church, the lake promenade, the protestant church, the town square and the Hallstatt Museum. Have lunch in one of the many restaurants at the lake. The return trip leads us via Gosau with a view to the "Dachstein-Mountains" to Abtenau, Golling and further to Salzburg.